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Anatomy of Phishing Attacks

A deep technical walkthrough of how modern phishing attacks actually succeed in the real world. This article breaks down phishing as a system-level failure rather than a user mistake, showing how attackers exploit legitimate authentication flows to capture and replay credentials, session cookies, and access tokens. It examines the full phishing kill chain—from lure engineering and adversary-in-the-middle infrastructure to token theft, session replay, and post-authentication expansion—illustrating why MFA alone is no longer sufficient. By translating phishing into concrete identity, protocol, and session mechanics, the article provides security leaders with a clearer mental model for designing defenses that prevent credential theft, session hijacking, and token replay by design, not detection alone.